Positional information detecting method and device

ABSTRACT

In a positional information detecting device, a tone-burst signal propagating unit causes a tone-burst signal to propagate through a path. The tone-burst signal is composed of a continuous wave train, the continuous wave train including a plurality of cycles of a constant frequency. A detecting unit detects, at a predetermined position in the path, the tone-burst signal propagating through the path every one cycle of the tone-burst signal to measure a propagation delay time based on the detected signal. The propagation delay time represents a period for which the tone-burst signal has propagated through the path. A phase obtaining unit obtains a phase of the detected signal. A positional information obtaining unit obtains positional information associated with the predetermined position based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application 2006-048533 filed on Feb. 24, 2006. This application claims the benefit of priority from the Japanese Patent Application, so that the descriptions of which are all incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to positional information detecting methods and devices, which are designed to detect positional information using a tone burst signal that is composed of a continuous wave train consisting of several cycles of a constant frequency over a constant period.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Distance measuring technique using an ultrasonic wave propagative in the atmosphere and/or a liquid or an elastic wave propagative in a solid is conventionally known, an example of which is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication.

Specifically, such distance measuring technique can measure the distance of a point from which the waves have been transmitted to a target from which they are reflected based on a propagation delay time of the waves between the point and the target.

A distance measuring device designed to use the technique is commonly configured to generate, at an arbitrary generation time, a tone burst signal composed of a continuous wave train consisting of several cycles of a constant frequency over a constant period. The distance measuring device is commonly provided with a detector located in a propagation path of the tone burst signal. The detector is configured to detect the propagating tone burst signal.

The distance measuring device is also commonly configured to:

monitor the level of the tone burst signal being detected by the detector;

determine a detection time at which the monitored level reaches a predetermined level;

calculate, as a propagation delay time, the difference between the generation time and the detection time; and

obtain a propagation distance of the tone burst signal by multiplying the propagation delay time by a propagation velocity of the tone burst signal.

In such a distance measuring device, the detected tone burst signal is digitized to downsize the device and/or to enhance the performance of the device. When the detected tone burst signal is sampled at a predetermined period and converted to an equivalent digital signal, the resolution of the detection signal and therefore the distance to be measured based on the tone burst signal are defined by the sampling period of the tone burst signal.

Specifically, in the distance measuring device designed to measure a distance based on a detected tone burst signal in the form of digital data, the sampling period will have to be shorter, in other words, the sampling frequency will have to be higher in order to improve the resolution of the distance to be measured. This may require an A/D converter and the like, which are operable at a high sampling frequency, causing the distance measuring device to increase in complexity and in cost.

In addition, in the above-mentioned method of determining the detection time based on the monitored level of the detected tone burst signal, the accuracy of determining the detection time may be susceptible to the strength of the propagating tone burst signal, in other words, the level of the detected tone burst signal and/or noise superimposed on the detected tone burst signal. This may reduce the reliability of measurement results of the distance measuring device.

The reasons for the reduction of the reliability are probably as follows.

Specifically, if the tone burst signal has not reached the detector yet, but a noise signal with large amplitude enters the detector, the detector would erroneously determine that the tone burst signal has already reached the detector upon entry of the noise signal.

In addition, if the tone burst signal has already reached the detector, but a noise signal out of phase with the tone burst signal enters the detector so that it reduces the level thereof, the detector would also erroneously determine that the tone burst signal has not reached the detector yet.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the background, an object of at least one aspect of the present invention is to improve the resolution of positional information of a target, such as a distance thereof, to be detected using a tone burst signal.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a positional information detecting method. The method includes causing a tone-burst signal to propagate through a path. The tone-burst signal is composed of a continuous wave train. The continuous wave train includes a plurality of cycles of a constant frequency. The method includes detecting, at a predetermined position in the path, the tone-burst signal propagating through the path every one cycle of the tone-burst signal to measure a propagation delay time based on the detected signal. The propagation delay time represents a period for which the tone-burst signal has propagated through the path. The method includes obtaining a phase of the detected signal, and obtaining positional information associated with the predetermined position based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a positional information detecting device. The device includes a tone-burst signal propagating unit configured to cause a tone-burst signal to propagate through a path. The tone-burst signal is composed of a continuous wave train. The continuous wave train includes a plurality of cycles of a constant frequency. The device includes a detecting unit configured to detect, at a predetermined position in the path, the tone-burst signal propagating through the path every one cycle of the tone-burst signal to measure a propagation delay time based on the detected signal. The propagation delay time represents a period for which the tone-burst signal has propagated through the path. The device includes a phase obtaining unit configured to obtain a phase of the detected signal, and a positional information obtaining unit configured to obtain positional information associated with the predetermined position based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an example of the overall structure of a position sensor according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied;

FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram schematically illustrating operations of a tone-burst generator of the position sensor illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram schematically illustrating quadrature detection;

FIG. 4 is a graph schematically illustrating an in-phase component and a quadrature-phase component generated by the quadrature detection illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an example of the overall structure of a quadrature detector illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an example of the overall structure of a time analog to digital converter illustrated in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a timing chart schematically illustrating an example of digital quadrature detection executed by the quadrature detector illustrated in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram schematically illustrating an example of derivation of an equation [7] according to the embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a signal waveform diagram schematically illustrating examples of waveforms of a drive current, an induced voltage, a sampling value, an amplitude of a detection signal, and a phase of the detection signal according to the embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a graph schematically illustrating the relationship between a distance to be measured and each of a propagating delay time and the phase according to the embodiment;

FIG. 11A is a graph schematically illustrating the relationship between the phase and the distance according to the embodiment; and

FIG. 11B is a graph schematically illustrating the relationship between the propagating delay time and the distance according to the embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts in several views, FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the overall structure of a position sensor 1 according to the embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the position sensor 1 is provided with a sensor module 10 designed to use magnetoelastic-wave propagation to measure positional information of a target. The position sensor 1 is also provided with a signal-processing unit 20 operative to drive the sensor module 10 and to process signals sensed by the sensor module 10 driven thereby.

The sensor module 10 is composed of:

an amorphous wire 11 serving as a medium for generating magnetoelastic waves and for propagating them;

a pair of wire holders 13 a and 13 b that hold both tips of the amorphous wire 11, respectively;

an excitation coil 15 fixedly wound around one end of the amorphous wire 11, for example, close to the wire holder 13 a in this embodiment, and operative to generate alternating magnetic field to be applied to the amorphous wire 11;

a detection coil 17 that is:

-   -   wound around the intermediate portion of the amorphous wire 11         between the excitation coil 15 and the wire holder 13 b to be         movable along the axial direction (the longitudinal direction) Z         of the wire 11 (the axial direction will be referred to simply         as “wire axial direction” hereinafter), and     -   operative to sense an induced voltage ν_(r) generated by a         magnetoelastic wave propagating in the amorphous wire 11; and

a pair of bias applying members 19 a and 19 b respectively composed of a bias coil or a permanent magnet and configured to generate DC (Direct-Current) bias field along the wire axial direction of the amorphous wire at its respective mounted positions of the excitation and detection coils 15 and 17 in the amorphous wire 11. In FIG. 1, the bias applying members 19 a and 19 b are simply referred to as “bias members”.

The amorphous wire 11 consists of a Fe—Si—B wire with positive magnetostriction. Specifically, when an alternating magnetic field biased by the DC bias fields along the wire axial direction is applied to a portion of the amorphous wire 11, the amorphous wire 11 works to generate, at the magnetic-field applied portion, magnetostrictive vibration with a frequency equivalent to that of the alternating magnetic field. The magnetostrictive vibration causes magnetoelastic waves, and the magnetoelastic waves are propagated in the amorphous wire 11.

At least part of the wire holder 13 a disposed close to the excitation coil 15 is made from an elastic-wave absorber, such as a robber member; this part of the wire holder 13 a is arranged to abut on the amorphous wire 11.

For example, the detection coil 17 is fixedly mounted on the target to be movable together with the target.

With the sensor module 10, when an alternating drive current i_(d) supplied from the signal-processing unit 20 flows through the excitation coil 15, the excitation coil 15 creates an alternating magnetic field. The created alternating magnetic field generates magnetoelastic waves that propagate along the wire axial direction from the excitation-coil mounted position of the amorphous wire 11.

The created magnetoelastic waves travel toward the respective tips of the amorphous wire 11. One of the magnetoelastic waves traveling toward one tip of the amorphous wire 11 to which the wire holder 13 a is attached is absorbed by the wire holder 13 a.

The other of the magnetoelastic waves traveling toward the other tip of the amorphous wire 11 to which the wire holder 13 b is attached passes through the excitation-coil mounted position of the amorphous wire 11, and is reflected by the wire holder 13 b. The reflected magnetoelastic wave then reversely travels toward one tip of the amorphous wire 11 to which the wire holder 13 a is attached so that it is finally absorbed by the wire holder 13 a.

When the magnetoelastic wave passes through the detection-coil mount position of the amorphous wire 11, an induced voltage ν_(r) is created across the detection coil 17 based on inverse magnetostrictive effect of the amorphous wire 11; this induced voltage ν_(r) has a frequency equivalent to that of the magnetoelastic wave. The induced voltage ν_(r) is supplied to the signal-processing unit 20.

Note that the induced voltage ν_(r) has a waveform substantially similar to that of the drive current i_(d) to be supplied to the excitation coil 15. The induced voltage ν_(r) is delayed in phase from the drive current i_(d) by a propagating time required for the magnetoelastic wave to travel from the excitation-coil mount position to the detection-coil mount position of the amorphous wire 11.

Next, the signal-processing unit 20 is composed of a clock generator 21, a tone-burst generator 22, a driver 23, an amplifier 24, and a quadrature detector 25.

The clock generator 21 is operative to generate:

a reference signal (clock signal) CK, which consists of a repetitive series of clock pulses, with a frequency (clock frequency) ƒ_(c), referred to as carrier frequency, and

a sampling signal (a repetitive series of sampling clock pulses) SCK with a frequency (sampling frequency) ƒ_(s) that is four times higher than the carrier frequency ƒ_(c) of the clock signal CK, in other words, the sampling frequency ƒ_(s) is equivalent to 4ƒ_(c).

The tone-burst generator 22 is operative to perform amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation (on/off modulation) on a carrier wave periodically oscillating positively and negatively in time according to the carrier frequency ƒ_(c), thereby generating a tone-burst drive signal D. The tone-burst drive signal D is composed of a continuous wave train consisting of several cycles of the carrier frequency ƒ_(c) as a constant frequency over a constant period T_(b).

The driver 23 is operative to supply the drive current i_(d) to the excitation coil 15 based on the drive signal D created by the tone-burst generator 22.

The amplifier 24 is operative to amplify the induced voltage ν_(r) fed from the detection coil 17 to generate a detection signal (voltage signal) R that periodically oscillates positively and negatively in time, the cycle of which is equivalent to the carrier cycle T_(c).

The quadrature detector 25 is operative to perform quadrature detection of the detection signal R to generate an in-phase component I_(p) and a quadrature-phase component Q_(p) of the detection signal R every carrier cycle (T_(c)), where p=1, 2, 3, . . . , i.e. p represents the generation order of the in-phase and quadrature-phase components that have been sequentially generated based on respective carrier cycles. The carrier cycle (T_(c)) can be described as “1/ƒ_(c)” and is equivalent to one cycle of the clock signal CK.

As the carrier wave, a sinusoidal wave with the carrier frequency ƒ_(c) is used as an example. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 2 for example, the tone-burst generator 22 is designed to multiply the carrier wave by an m-times clock signal whose cycle is m times as long as the carrier cycle T_(c) of the clock signal CK, thereby generating the tone-burst drive signal D. The tone-burst drive signal D is composed of a continuous wave train, that is, a sinusoidal wave train, consisting of several cycles of the carrier frequency ƒ_(c) over the constant period T_(b) corresponding to the half of the cycle m·T_(c) of the m-times clock signal.

The quadrature detector 25 is constructed by a plurality of CMOS digital elements, and designed to provide digital quadrature detection.

Quadrature detection is normally configured, as illustrated in FIG. 3 for an example, to:

a first multiplier M1 for multiplying a modulated carrier wave s(t) modulated by a baseband signal (target signal), which is represented as “s(t)=A sin(2πƒ_(c)t+φ)”, by a sinusoidal wave (sin(2πƒ_(c)t));

a second multiplier M2 for multiplying the modulated carrier wave s(t) by a cosine wave (cos(2πƒ_(c)t)) shifted in phase from the sinusoidal wave by π/2 (radian);

a first low pass filter (LPF) L1 for allowing a low-frequency component of the multiplied carrier wave sent from the first multiplier M1 to pass therethrough while restricting the higher-frequency component thereof to generate an in-phase component I(=(A/2)cos φ); and

a second low pass filter L2 for allowing a low-frequency component of the multiplied carrier wave sent from the second multiplier M2 to pass therethrough while restricting the higher-frequency component thereof to generate a quadrature-phase component Q (=(A/2)sin φ), where ƒ_(c) is a carrier frequency of the carrier wave, A is an amplitude of a baseband signal (modulating signal), which is unknown, and φ is a phase of the baseband signal, which is unknown.

The in-phase component I and the quadrature-phase component Q are shown on the rectangular coordinates illustrated in FIG. 4. Note that the horizontal axis (Re) represents the real part of a complex vector, and the vertical axis (Im) represents the imaginary part of the complex vector. Specifically, the in-phase component I represents the real part of the vector (A/2+jφ) shown on the complex plane as the amplitude A and the phase φ, and the quadrature-phase component Q represents the imaginary part of the vector (A/2+jφ).

Thus, obtaining the in-phase component I and the quadrature-component Q of the modulated carrier wave s(t) allows the unknown amplitude A and the unknown phase φ of the baseband signal to be calculated.

As described above, the quadrature detection has been normally carried out using analog circuits.

In the embodiment, however, in place of the normal quadrature detection design set forth above, using the quadrature detector 25 permits the digital quadrature detection to be simply carried out.

Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the quadrature detector 25 is composed of a time analog to digital (A/D) converter 40 operative to average (integrate) the detection signal R over every sampling cycle T_(s), thereby obtaining an average value (integration value) S_(q) (q=1, 2, 3, . . . ) every sampling cycle T_(s). The sampling cycle T_(s) is equivalent to 1/ƒ_(s)(=¼ƒ_(c)=T_(c)/4) and is equivalent to one cycle of the sampling signal SCK supplied from the clock generator 21. The time A/D converter will be referred to simply as “TAD” hereinafter.

The quadrature detector 25 is also composed of first to fourth registers 41 to 44 each with an input and an output, and an adder-subtractor 45. In FIG. 5, the adder-subtractor 45 is simply referred to as “ADD & SUB”. The input of the first register 41 is connected to an output of the TAD 40, and the output thereof is connected to both the input of the second register 42 and the adder-subtractor 45. The output of the second register 42 is connected to both the adder-subtractor 45 and the input of the third register 43, and the output of the third register 43 is connected to both the adder-subtractor 45 and the input of the fourth register 44. The output of the fourth register 44 is connected to the adder-subtractor 45.

When an average value S_(4p-3) is output from the TAD 40 in synchronization with one sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK, the average signal S_(4p-3) is input to the first register 41 to be latched therein. When the next average value S_(4p-2) is output from the TAD 40 in synchronization with the next sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK, the average value S_(4p-3) latched in the first register 41 is shifted to the second register 42 to be latched therein, and the average value S_(4p-2) is input to the first register 41 to be latched therein.

When the next average value S_(4p-1) is output from the TAD 40 in synchronization with the next sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK, the average value S_(4p-3) latched in the second register 42 is shifted to the third register 43 to be latched therein, the average value S_(4p-2) latched in the first register 41 is shifted to the second register 42 to be latched therein, and the average value S_(4p-1) is input to the first register 41 to be latched therein.

When the next average value S_(4p) is output from the TAD 40 upon application of the next sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK, the average value S_(4p-3) latched in the third register 43 is shifted to the fourth register 44 to be latched therein, the average value S_(4p-2) latched in the second register 42 is shifted to the third register 43 to be latched therein, the average value S_(4p-1) latched in the first register 41 is shifted to the second register 42 to be latched therein, and the average value S_(4p) is input to the first register 41 to be latched therein.

The adder-subtractor 45 is operative to sample the integration values S_(4p-3) to S_(4p) and to perform addition and subtraction on the four sampled integration values S_(4p-3) to S_(4p).

The TAD 40 as illustrated in FIG. 6 includes a pulse delay circuit, in other words, a ring delay line (RDL) 52. The pulse delay circuit 52 is composed of a plurality of delay units 51 that corresponds to a plurality of stages of delay. The delay units 51 are serially connected to one another in a ring-like structure. Specifically, the first stage of the delay units 51 to which reference character “51 a” is assigned is an AND gate having one and the other input terminals. A start pulse signal P_(in) is configured to be input to the one input terminal of the AND gate 51 a. The other input terminal of the AND gate 51 a is connected to an output terminal of the final stage 51 b of the delay units 51.

When the pulse signal P_(in) is input to the AND gate 51 a through its one input terminal, a pulse signal is sequentially transferred by the delay units 51 while being delayed thereby in the order from the AND gate 51 a toward the final stage 51 b of the delay units 51. When the pulse signal reaches the final stage 51 b of the delay units 51, it is returned to the first stage 51 a of the delay units 51 through it's other input terminal. For this reason, the pulse signal is circulated through the delay units 51.

The TAD 40 includes a counter 53 connected to the output terminal of the final stage 51 b of the delay units 51 and operative to count the number of times of circulation of the pulse signal through the circularly-connected delay units 51.

The TAD 40 includes a latch encoder 55 operative to:

latch a position where the pulse signal has reached at timing of a significant edge, such as leading edge (or trailing edge), of each sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK; and

convert the latched position of the pulse signal Pin into predetermined bits of digital data that represent what number of stage (delay unit 51) through which the pulse signal located at the latched position lastly passes from the first stage 51 a.

The TAD 40 includes a latch 57 operative to:

latch the count value of the counter 53 at timing of a significant edge, such as leading edge (or trailing edge), of each sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK; and

convert the latched count value into predetermined bits of digital data.

The TAD 40 includes a subtractor 59. When the predetermined bits of digital data are input to the subtractor 59 from the latch encoder 55 as lower-order bits “a” of digital data Dt, and the predetermined bits of digital data are input thereto from the latch 57 as higher-order bits “b” of the digital data Dt, the subtractor 59 works to latch the input digital data Dt at timing of a significant edge, such as leading edge (or trailing edge), of each sampling clock pulse of the sampling signal SCK.

The subtractor 59 also works to obtain the difference between the current latched input digital data Dt and the previous latched input digital data that has been latched one sampling clock pulse before the current latched input digital data Dt, thereby outputting the obtained difference as the average value (integration value) S_(q).

Each of the delay units 51 constituting the pulse delay circuit 52 is composed of a gate circuit consisting of, for example, an inverter and/or other electronic logic gates.

The TAD 40 includes a buffer 50 to which the detection signal R is configured to be input. The detection signal R output from the amplifier 24 is configured to be applied to each of the delay units 51 as a power supply voltage.

The delay time of each delay unit 51 depends on the voltage level of the power supply voltage (the detection signal R) supplied to each delay unit 51. Specifically, the delay time of each delay unit 51 is inversely proportional to the voltage level of the power supply voltage (the detection signal R) supplied to each delay unit 51.

For this reason, the output of the subtractor 59, that is, data representing the number of delay units 51 through which the pulse signal passes within every sampling cycle T_(s) is substantially proportional to the average value (integration value) S_(q) obtained by averaging (integrating) the voltage level of the detection signal R over every sampling cycle T_(s).

Note that, for example, the input voltage range of the TAD is limited within a predetermined positive range. In order to convert the power supply voltage (the detection signal R) that periodically oscillates positively and negatively in time into digital data, it is necessary to apply a proper DC bias to the detection signal R and, thereafter, to supply it to each delay unit.

As set forth above, the TAD 40 has:

a first special characteristic of sequentially integrating the voltage level of the detection signal R without dead time; and

a second special characteristic of performing digital processing on a signal corresponding to the integrated voltage level; this digital processing including counting operation and digitally subtracting operation using CMOS digital elements.

The first special characteristic allows execution of the digital quadrature detection on the detection signal R set forth above, and the second special characteristic permits the quadrature detector 25 to be integrated together with the remaining elements of the signal-processing unit 20 on/in one chip.

Note that such a TAD structure has been included in, for example, U.S. Patent Publications No. U.S. Pat. No. 6,771,202 B2. Because the U.S. patent is assigned to the same assignee as that of this application, disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The adder-subtractor 45 executes, in accordance with the following equations [1] and [2], addition and subtraction on each set of four average values S_(4p-3) to S_(4p) that have been sequentially output from the TAD 40 in synchronization with the sampling signal CK and sequentially latched in the first to fourth registers 41 to 44. The executed addition and subtraction in accordance with the equations [1] and [2] allows the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) of the detection signal R to be obtained: I _(p) =S _(4p-3) +S _(4p-2) −S _(4p-1) −S _(4p)  [Equation 1] Q _(p) =S _(4p-3) −S _(4p-2) −S _(4p-1) +S _(4p)  [Equation 2]

The adder-subtractor 45 repeats the addition and subtraction on the set of four average values S_(4p-3) to S_(4p) in accordance with the equations [1] and [2] every carrier cycle T_(c).

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a timing chart of the digital quadrature detection executed by the quadrature detector 25.

Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the outputs S_(q) (q=1, 2, 3, . . . ) of the TAD 40, which are synchronized with the respective same significant edges of the sampling clock pulses of the sampling signal SCK and appear every sampling cycle T_(s), are proportional to the integration values of the detection signal R over respective sampling cycles T_(s).

Even if, as described above, because the detection signal R has the DC bias, the average value (integration value) S_(q) has a bias value corresponding to the DC bias, the operations in accordance with the equations [1] and [2] allow offset components, such as the bias value, contained in the S₁, S₂, S₃, . . . to be canceled from each other. This bias value canceling is equivalent to canceling of DC components by analog quadrature detection.

Specifically, the in-phase component I_(p) obtained by the quadrature detector 25 in accordance with the equation [1] corresponds to the integration value obtained by integrating the product of the detection signal R and a square wave α(t) over one carrier cycle T_(c); this square wave α(t) has the same frequency as the detection signal R and is synchronized with the sampling signal SCK (see FIG. 7).

Similarly, the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) obtained by the quadrature detector 25 in accordance with the equation [2] corresponds to the integration value obtained by integrating the product of the detection signal R and a square wave β(t) over one carrier cycle T_(c); this square wave β(t) has the same frequency as the detection signal R and is different in phase from the square wave α(t) by π/2 (radian) (see FIG. 7).

In other words, the multiplication between the detection signal R and the square wave α(t) and that between the detection signal R and the square wave β(t) shifted in phase from the square wave α(t) by π/2 substantially correspond to the multiplication between the modulated carrier wave and the sinusoidal wave and that between the modulated carrier wave and the cosine wave shifted in phase from the sinusoidal wave by π/2 (radian), respectively.

Return to FIG. 1, the signal-processing unit 20 is further composed of:

an amplitude calculator 26 operative to calculate an amplitude A_(p) of the detection signal R every carrier cycle T_(c) based on the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) generated by the quadrature detector 25;

a comparator 27 operative to compare the amplitude A_(p) calculated by the amplitude calculator 26 with a previously set amplitude threshold to determine whether the amplitude A_(p) is larger than the previously set amplitude threshold;

a delay time calculator 28 operative to calculate, as a propagation delay time τ_(d) of the magnetoelastic wave, a time from a timing T1 at which the tone-burst generator 22 generates the tone-burst drive signal D to a timing T2 at which the comparator 27 determines that the amplitude A_(p) is larger than the previously set amplitude threshold for the first time since the timing T1;

an integrator 29 operative to integrate:

-   -   each group of an N number of sequential in-phase components         I_(p) generated by the quadrature detector 25 to obtain an         in-phase integration value I_(N,P)(P=1, 2, 3, . . . ); this N is         an integer equal to or greater than 1, and     -   each group of an N number of sequential quadrature-phase         components Q_(p) generated by the quadrature detector 25 to         obtain a quadrature-phase integration value Q_(N,P); this P         represents a number of the groups);

a phase calculator 30 operative to obtain a phase φ_(N,P) based on the in-phase integration value I_(N,P) and the quadrature-phase Q_(N,P);

a distance calculator 31 operative to obtain, based on the obtained propagation delay time τ_(d) and the obtained phase φ_(N,P), a propagating distance of the magnetoelastic wave, that is, a distance Z of the mounted position of the excitation coil 15 in the amorphous wire 11 to that of the detection coil 17 therein; this mounted position of the detection coil 17 corresponds to the position of the target; and

a variation calculator 32 operative to obtain, based on the obtained phase φ_(N,P), information associated with alternation of the distance Z from moment to moment.

Specifically, the amplitude calculator 26 calculates the amplitude A_(p) of the detection signal R every carrier cycle T_(c) preferably based on the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) in accordance with the following equation [3]: A _(p)=√{square root over (I _(p) ² +Q _(p) ²)}  [Equation 3]

The delay time calculator 28 is designed to operate on the clock signal CK. The delay time calculator 28 preferably consists of a counter that starts to operate (count) at the generation timing T1 of the tone-burst drive signal D and to stop its count operation at the timing T2 when the comparator 27 determines that the amplitude A_(p) is larger than the previously set amplitude threshold. The delay time calculator 28 is operative to multiply, by the carrier cycle T_(c), the count value of the counter to be stopped at the timing T2, thereby obtaining the propagation delay time τ_(d).

The resolution of the propagation delay time τ_(d) obtained in this manner set forth above is substantially equivalent to the carrier cycle T_(c), and multiplying the propagation delay time τ_(d) by a propagating velocity ν of the magnetoelastic wave permits a first distance to be obtained; this first distance has a resolution equivalent to the wavelength λ_(c) of the clock signal CK, represented by “λ_(c)=ν×T_(c)”.

The integrator 29 preferably has a modulo-N counter (not shown). The module-N counter is capable of sequentially counting up from zero (initial value) until N−1 in synchronization with the significant edge, such as leading edge (or trailing edge) of each clock pulse of the clock signal CK, and resetting its count value to zero in synchronization with the significant edge of the clock pulse after the count value has reached the N−1.

Specifically, the integrator 29 integrates individually the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) generated by the quadrature detector 25 every significant edge, such as leading edge (or trailing edge), of each clock pulse of the clock signal CK in accordance with the following equations [4] and [5], thereby obtaining the integration values I_(N,P) and Q_(N,P):

$\begin{matrix} {I_{N,P} = {\sum\limits_{p = {{{({P - 1})}N} + 1}}^{PN}\; I_{p}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \\ {Q_{N,P} = {\sum\limits_{p = {{{({P - 1})}N} + 1}}^{PN}\; Q_{p}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The integrator 29 supplies the obtained integration values I_(N,P) and Q_(N,P) to the phase calculator 30 in synchronization with each reset timing of the modulo-N counter.

Specifically, the integration value I_(N,P) obtained by the integrator 29 in accordance with the equation [4] corresponds to the integration value obtained by integrating the in-phase component I_(p), which is the product of the detection signal R and the square wave α(t), over every N number of carrier cycles T_(c). Similarly, the integration value Q_(N,P) obtained by the integrator 29 in accordance with the equation [5] corresponds to the integration value obtained by integrating the quadrature-phase component Q_(p), which is the product of the detection signal R and the square wave β(t), over every N number of carrier cycles T_(c).

The integrating operations of the integrator 29 allow the in-phase integration value I_(N,P) and the quadrature-phase integration value Q_(N,P) of the detection signal R to be obtained without containing unnecessary signal components.

The phase calculator 30 calculates the phase φ_(N,P) of the detection signal R based on the in-phase integration value I_(N,P) and the quadrature-phase integration value Q_(N,P) preferably in accordance with the following equation [6]:

$\begin{matrix} {\phi_{N,P} = {\tan^{- 1}\frac{Q_{N,P}}{I_{N,P}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Note that the more the integration number N increases, the more components without the detection target components, such as the components with the carrier frequency ƒ_(c), are eliminated from the in-phase integration value I_(N,P) and the quadrature-phase integration value Q_(N,P). In contrast, note that the more the integration number N increases, the more the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) within the constant period T_(b) decreases.

Thus, the integration number N can be preferably determined on ground that the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) and the noise-elimination performance that the signal-processing circuit 20 should have.

The distance calculator 31 calculates the distance Z preferably in accordance with the following equation [7]:

$\quad\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {Z = {{v\;\tau_{d}} + {\lambda_{c}\frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi}}}} \\ {= {v\left( {\tau_{d} + \frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi\; f_{c}}} \right)}} \end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The first term of the right-hand side of the equation [7] represents the first distance based on the propagation delay time τ_(d) and having the resolution of the length of one wavelength λ_(c) of the clock signal CK. The second term of the right-hand side of the equation [7] represents a second distance based on the phase φ_(N,P) and having a resolution higher than the resolution of the length of one wavelength λ_(c).

An example of derivation of the equation [7] will be described with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 is waveform diagram. (a) of FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example of the waveform of the tone burst signal D represented by “sin 2πƒ_(c)t”, and (b) of FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example of the waveform of the average value S_(q). In addition, (c) and (d) of FIG. 8 schematically illustrate assumed waveforms of the average value S_(q) limited by the resolution (carrier cycle T_(c)) of delay-time calculation using the amplitude. Note that the horizontal axis of FIG. 8 illustrates time t.

Because the waveforms represented by (b) to (d) have been obtained by sampling the detection signal R at the sampling frequency ƒ_(s)=4ƒ_(c), they have values intersecting on the dotted lines and the dashed lines that represent a scale of the horizontal axis; these values are represented by “◯” in FIG. 8. The interval between adjacent dotted lines in the scale represents the sampling cycle T_(s), and that between adjacent dashed lines in the scale represents the carrier cycle T_(c). The alternate long and short dash lines represents the amplitudes of the waveforms (b), (c), and (d) obtained by the quadrature detection, respectively, such that they have values intersecting on the alternate long and short dash lines that represent a scale of the horizontal axis; these values are represented by “●” in FIG. 8.

For example, if the tone burst signal D represented by “D=sin 2πƒ_(c)t” whose waveform is illustrated by (a) in FIG. 8 has been generated for a predetermined period from a predetermined time t equal to zero (t=0) at the position whose distance Z equal to zero (Z=0), it is assumed that the waveform represented by (b) is detected at the position whose distance Z equal to νt_(d) at the time t equal to t_(d). Note that ν represents the propagating velocity of the magnetoelastic wave.

The detected waveform can be represented by the following equation: sin 2πƒ_(c)(t−t _(d))=sin(2πƒ_(c) t−2πƒ_(c) t _(d))  [Equation 8]

The equation [8] clearly shows that the waveform represented by (b) is delayed in phase by φ=2πƒ_(c)t_(d). Note that, in deriving the equation [8], the effects of differentiation waveforms, delay in time due to the circuit portion, and amplitude change due to propagation loss will be negligible.

(e) of FIG. 8 represents the relationship between the phase φ and the delay time t_(d). Note that the time t of the waveforms (a) to (d) and the delay time t_(d) of the relationship (e) have the same dimension and the same unit, but they are independent from each other.

As given by the equation “φ=sin 2πƒ_(c)t_(d)”, the phase φ is proportional to the delay time t_(d). Because the phase range is limited by ±π (radian), the phase φ is expressed as a periodic function of the delay time t_(d); this periodic function has the cycle Tc(=1/ƒ_(c)). In addition, the phase φ is independent of the time t.

(f) and (g) of FIG. 8 represent the axis indicating the phase φ and that indicating the distance Z, respectively. The phase φ and the distance Z are proportional to the delay time t_(d), which are represented by the following equations: φ=2πƒ_(c) t _(d)=2πt _(d) /T _(c)  [Equation 9] Z=νt _(d)  [Equation 10]

Since the distance Z to be detected is scalar quantity, the waveform to be actually detected is represented as (b) of FIG. 8. In contrast, the amplitude of the waveform is calculated every carrier cycle T_(c). For this reason, in a case of calculating the amplitude, it is substantially equivalent to assume that the waveform (c) or (d) is detected in place of the waveform (b).

In this case, assuming that the amplitude threshold is set to the half of the peak value, which is represented by the dashed liner line on the waveform (b), the waveform (c) is detected when the amplitude obtained by the quadrature detection according to the embodiment exceeds the amplitude threshold at the time t equal to (m+1) T_(c), where m=0, 1, 2, . . . .

Detection of the waveform (c) at the time t equal to (m+1) T_(c) shows that the waveform (c) is delayed by the delay time t_(d) against the waveform (b); this delay time t_(d) is represented by: the delay time t_(d)=the propagation delay time τ_(d)=mT_(c)  [Equation 11]

Specifically, real delay time is given by: t _(d)=τ_(d)+τ_(p)  [Equation 12]

The τ_(p) represents the second distance based on the phase φ_(N,P) in the equation [7]; this τ_(p) will be referred to phase delay time hereinafter.

The waveform (d) is a waveform delayed one carrier cycle T_(c) from the waveform (c), that is, a waveform whose propagating distance increases one wavelength λ_(c)(=ν T_(c)) from the waveform (c).

Specifically, as shown by comparison between the waveforms (c) and (d) and between the phase φ axis (f) and the distance Z axis (g), the waveforms (c) and (d) are different from each other in phase by 2π (radian). If the waveform (b) matches the waveform (c), the phase delay time τ_(p) would be equal to zero, otherwise if the waveform (b) matches the waveform (d), the phase delay time τ_(p) would be equal to T_(c). In terms of phase, these phase delay times τ_(p) can be represented by φ equal to zero and equal to 2 π also equal to zero.

In terms of phase, the phase delay time τ_(p) is represented by: φ=sin 2πƒ_(c)τ_(d)  [Equation 13]

The phase delay time τ_(p) is obtained by: τ_(p)=φ=φ/sin 2πƒ_(c)  [Equation 14]

Substitution of the equations [12] and [14] into the equation [10] can yield the equation [7] as follows.

$\quad\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {Z = {{v\;\tau_{d}} + {\lambda_{c}\frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi}}}} \\ {= {v\left( {\tau_{d} + \frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi\; f_{c}}} \right)}} \end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The variation calculator 32 is designed to perform different operations depending on the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) by the phase calculator 30 within the constant period T_(b).

Specifically, when the integration number N has been set such that the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) is one time, the variation calculator 32 stands by without calculating any variation.

In contrast, when the integration number N has been set such that the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) is equal to or more than two times, the variation calculator 32 calculates variation V_(p) in the obtained distance Z preferably in accordance with the following equation [15]; this variation V_(p) in the distance Z is equivalent to a velocity of the target:

$\begin{matrix} {V_{P} = {\left( {\phi_{N,P} - \phi_{N,{P - 1}}} \right)\frac{\lambda_{c}}{2\pi\;{NT}_{c}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 15} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Moreover, the integration number N has been set such that the number of calculation of the phase φ_(N,P) is equal to or more than three times, the variation calculator 32 calculates variation α_(p) in the calculated variation V_(p) in addition thereto in accordance with the following equation [9]; this variation α_(p) in the calculated variation V_(p) is equivalent to an acceleration of the target:

$\begin{matrix} {a_{P} = {\left( {V_{P} - V_{P - 1}} \right)\frac{1}{{NT}_{c}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 16} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Specifically, for example, if the induced voltage has a tone-burst waveform component consisting of 16 cycles of the carrier frequency ƒ_(c), the number P of groups of each of the in-phase components I_(p) and the quadrature-phase components Q_(p) depends on the integration number N as follows:

If the integration number N=1, then the number P is equal to:

1, 2, 3, . . . , 16

If the integration number N=2, then the number P is equal to:

1, 2, 3, . . . , 18

If the integration number N=3, then the number P is equal to:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

If the integration number N=4, then the number P is equal to:

1, 2, 3, 4

If the integration number N=5, then the number P is equal to:

1, 2, 3

If the integration number N=6, 7, 8, then the number P is equal to 1 or 2

If the integration number N=9-16, then the number P is equal to 1.

Specifically, in the case where the constant period T_(b) is equivalent to the 16 cycles of the carrier cycle T_(c), the velocity V_(p) of the target can be obtained on condition that the integration number N is not more than 8. Similarly, in the case where the constant period T_(b) is equivalent to the 16 cycles of the carrier cycle T_(c), the velocity V_(p) and the acceleration α_(p) can be obtained on condition that the integration number N is not more than 5.

An example of derivation of each of the equations [15] and [16] will be described hereinafter.

Specifically, the equation [7] can be rewritten as the following equation:

$\begin{matrix} {Z_{N,P} = {{{v\;\tau_{d}} + {\lambda_{c}\frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi}}} = {v\left( {\tau_{d} + \frac{\phi_{N,P}}{2\pi\; f_{c}}} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Where Z_(N,P) represents the P-th distance obtained, every period NT_(c), by the quadrature detection based on the integration number N according to the embodiment.

The velocity V_(p) can be represented as the average rate of change of the distance Z_(N,P), and therefore, the velocity V_(p) can be given by the equation [15]:

$\begin{matrix} {V_{P} = {\frac{Z_{N,P} - Z_{N,{P - 1}}}{{NT}_{c}} = {\left( {\phi_{N,P} - \phi_{N,{P - 1}}} \right)\frac{\lambda_{c}}{2\pi\;{NT}_{c}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 15} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Similarly, the acceleration α_(p) can be given by the equation [16]:

$\begin{matrix} {a_{P} = {\left( {V_{P} - V_{P - 1}} \right)\frac{1}{{NT}_{c}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 16} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

FIG. 9 is a signal waveform diagram schematically illustrating examples of waveforms of the drive current i_(d), the induced voltage ν_(r), the sampling value S_(q) obtained by the TAD 40, the amplitude A_(p) calculated by the amplitude calculator 26, and the phase φ_(N,P) calculated by the phase calculator 30. The horizontal axis commonly shows time (μs).

These waveforms of the drive current i_(d), the induced voltage ν_(r), the sampling value S_(q), the amplitude A_(p), and the phase φ_(N,P) are illustrated as reference characters (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) in FIG. 9, respectively; where the carrier frequency ƒ_(c) has been set to 2 MHz, in other words, the carrier cycle T_(c) has been set to 0.5 μs, the sampling frequency ƒ_(s) has been set to 8 MHz, in other words, the sampling cycle T_(s) has been set to 0.125 μs, the constant time T_(b) has been set to 8 μs equal to the product of the sampling cycle T_(s) and 16, and the integration number N by the integrator 29 has been set to one time.

The waveforms illustrated as (a) and (b) in FIG. 9 represent waveforms of the drive current i_(d) and the induced voltage ν_(r) obtained by observing them with an oscilloscope on condition that the sampling frequency ƒ_(s) has been set to 250 MHz (the sampling cycle has been set to 4 ns).

The magnetoelastic wave propagating in the amorphous wire 11 becomes a tone burst that is composed of a continuous wave train consisting of 16 cycles of a constant frequency ƒ_(c) of 2 MHz over a constant time of 8 μs, which is similar to the waveform of the drive current i_(d) illustrated by (a) of FIG. 9.

As illustrated by (b) of FIG. 9 across the detection coil 17, the voltage ν_(r) is induced, this induced voltage ν_(r) has a tone-burst waveform component W1 consisting of 16 cycles of a constant frequency ƒ_(c) of 2 MHz and is shifted in phase from the drive current i_(d) by the propagation delay time τ_(d); this waveform is similar to that of the drive current i_(d). The tone-burst waveform component W2 following the tone-burst waveform component W1 corresponds to the magnetoelastic wave reflected by the wire holder 13 b.

As illustrated by (c) of FIG. 9, the waveform components of the sampling values S_(q) obtained by the TAD 40 are configured to be similar to those of the induced voltage ν_(r), respectively. The sampling values S_(q) are represented in units of LSB (Least Significant Bit).

Specifically, the waveform of the sampling values S_(q) oscillating with respect to the bias value of, for example, 1100 LSB.

Note that the TAD 40 has a characteristic that the polarity of the waveform of the sampling values S_(q) is reversed from that of the waveform of the induced voltage ν_(r).

In the waveform (a) of FIG. 9, the timing T1 when the drive current i_(d) rises represents a generation time at which the tone-burst magnetoelastic wave is generated. In the waveform (d) of FIG. 9, the timing T2 when an amplitude component A_(p) over the previously set amplitude threshold is detected for the first time since the detection time T1 represents a detection time at which the magnetoelastic wave (tone burst) is detected. The difference between the detection time T2 and the detection time T1 represents the propagating delay time τ_(d). The resolution of the propagating delay time τ_(d) is substantially equivalent to the carrier cycle T_(c) (=0.5 μs), which is the calculation cycle of the amplitude components A_(p).

Specifically, in comparison between the waveform (d) and each of the waveforms (b) and (c), within a period for which no induced voltage ν_(r) has been detected, the sampling values S_(q) substantially take on zero, and the amplitude components A_(p) substantially take on zero.

In contrast, within a period for which the induced voltage ν_(r) has been detected so that the tone-burst waveform component W1 of W2 appears, the amplitude of the induced voltage ν_(r) substantially takes on a predetermined level (see (b) of FIG. 9), and the sampling values S_(q) substantially take on a predetermined value (see (c) of FIG. 9). Similarly, the amplitude components A_(p) substantially take on a predetermined level except for zero (see (d) of FIG. 9).

In addition, as illustrated by the waveform (b) in FIG. 9, the amplitude of the tone-burst waveform component W1 is higher than that of the tone-bust waveform component W2 at a predetermined rate. Similarly, the sampling values S_(q) corresponding to the tone-burst waveform component W1 are higher than those corresponding to the tone-burst waveform component W2 at substantially the same rate. On the other hand, similarly, the amplitude components A_(p) corresponding to the waveform component W1 are higher than those corresponding to the tone-burst waveform component W2 at substantially the same rate.

The results of observations that has obtained these waveforms (b) to (d) provide that the amplitude components A_(p) properly show the amplitude of the induced voltage ν_(r).

As illustrated by (e) of FIG. 9, the phase φ_(N,P) is variable within a period for which no magnetoelastic wave has been detected, but it is substantially kept constant within a period for which the magnetoelastic wave has been detected provided that the target remains stationary. Thus, if the target is in motion, the phase φ_(N,P) would be variable depending on the motion of the target.

Next, FIG. 10 is a graph schematically illustrating the relationship between the distance Z to be measured and each of the propagating delay time τ_(d) and the phase φ_(N,P); this distance Z is a distance of the mounted position of the excitation coil 15 in the amorphous wire 11 to that of the detection coil 17 therein. The propagating delay time τ_(d) has values illustrated in FIG. 10 as “□”, and the phase φ_(N,P) has values illustrated in FIG. 10 as “◯”.

Note that, on the graph in FIG. 10, values of delay time obtained from the sampling values S_(q) illustrated by (c) of FIG. 9, have been plotted in place of the values of the propagating delay time τ_(d) calculated by the delay time calculator 28. For this reason, the temporal resolution of the delay time is substantially equivalent to the sampling cycle T_(s)(=0.125 μs), and the distance resolution thereof is substantially identical to one quarter the wavelength of the sampling signal CSK; this one quarter the wavelength is equal to 0.6 mm.

Specifically, upon use of the propagating delay time τ_(d) calculated by the delay time calculator 28, the temporal resolution is substantially equivalent to the carrier cycle T_(c)(=0.5 μs). This allows the distance resolution calculated based on the temporal resolution in accordance with the equation the first term of the equation [7] to be substantially equivalent to the wavelength (2.4 mm) of the clock signal CK (see FIG. 10).

The phase φ_(N,P) varies as the distance Z. Specifically, the propagation delay time τ_(d) depends on the variation in the distance Z so that the phase φ_(N,P) depends on the variation in the propagation delay time τ_(d).

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the phase φ_(N,P) varies in proportion to the distance Z at the wavelength λ_(c), in other words, the carrier cycle T_(c)(=λ_(c)/ν) in terms of the propagation delay time.

This can be also given by the equation [7].

Specifically, transformation of the equation [7] is as follows:

$\begin{matrix} {\phi_{N,P} = {2{\pi\left( \frac{Z - {v\;\tau_{d}}}{\lambda_{c}} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

This equation [17] clearly shows that the phase φ_(N,P) is proportional to the distance Z.

In the embodiment, it is assumed that the phase φ_(N,P) repeatedly takes on values within the range given by: −π≦φ_(N,P)≦π  [Equation 18]

When the distance Z takes on values within the range from 0 to λ_(c)/2, the propagation delay time (discrete value) τ_(d) takes on zero. When the distance Z increases to reach λ_(c)/2, the phase φ_(N,P) takes on +π (radian), and at that time, because the propagation delay time τ_(d) takes on λ_(c)/ν equal to T_(c) to meet the condition of the equation [18], the phase φ_(N,P) takes on −π (radian).

When the distance Z takes on values within the range from λ_(c)/2 to 3λ_(c)/2, the propagation delay time τ_(d) is kept to λ_(c)/ν (=T_(c)). The phase φ_(N,P) increases at the inclination of 2π/λ_(c) from when the distance Z takes on λ_(c)/2, and reaches −π (radian) when the distance Z takes on 3_(c)/2 and the propagation delay time τ_(d) takes on λ_(c)/ν (=T_(c)).

The variation in the distance Z is repeated so that the propagation delay time τ_(d) can be normally represented by the following equation if (k−½)λ≦Z<(k+½)λ is established: τ_(d) =kλ _(c) /ν=kT _(c)  [Equation 19]

Where k=0, 1, 2,

The relationship between the phase φ_(N,P) and the distance Z has been plotted on the graph illustrated in FIG. 11A, and that between the propagating delay time τ_(d) and the distance Z have been plotted on the graph illustrated in FIG. 11B.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the phase φ_(N,P) varies by 2π (radian) each time the distance Z varies by 2.4 mm corresponding to the wavelength of the clock signal CK. This makes it possible to sequentially measure, based on the values of the phase φ_(N,P), the distance Z and its change with the resolution higher than the wavelength of the clock signal CK; this wavelength corresponds to the resolution of the first distance on the propagating delay time τ_(d). This allows improvement of the measurement accuracy of the distance Z of the target as an example of the positional information thereof.

As set forth above, in the position sensor 1 according to the embodiment, the combination of the first distance having the resolution of the length of one wavelength λ_(c) of the clock signal CK and the second distance representing a distance equal to or less than the length of one wavelength λ_(c) of the clock signal CK with high accuracy allows the propagating distance Z of the magnetoelastic wave to be obtained. This makes it possible to measure the propagating distance Z of the magnetoelastic wave with the resolution equal to or less than the length of one wavelength of the clock signal CK without shortening the detection cycle of the amplitude A_(p) less than one cycle (the carrier cycle T_(c)) of the clock signal CK. The measurement of the propagating distance Z of the magnetoelastic wave allows the positional information of the target positionally associated with the detection coil 17 to be detected.

The position sensor 1 according to the embodiment is designed to obtain the phase φ_(N,P) of the detection signal R based on the in-phase integration value I_(N,P) and the quadrature-phase integration value Q_(N,P); these in-phase and quadrature phase integration values I_(N,P) and Q_(N,P) are calculated by integrating each group of an N number of sequential in-phase components I_(p) and each group of an N number of sequential quadrature-phase components Q_(p), respectively.

The integration of each group of an N number of sequential in-phase components I_(p) and each group of an N number of sequential quadrature-phase components Q_(p) is functionally equivalent to limit pass bandwidths of unwanted signal components. This bandwidth limit feature has been described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10,926,286. Because the U.S. patent application is assigned to the same assignee as that of this application, disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

For this reason, proper selection of the integration number N permits the amplitude A_(p) and the phase φ_(N,P) of the detection signal R to be less subject to noise, making it possible to the accuracy and reliability of measurement of the second distance, and therefore the propagating distance Z.

Especially, because the resolution of the first distance is lower than that of the second distance, it is possible to effectively limit the influence of noise on the first distance.

The position sensor 1 according to the embodiment allows multiple calculations of the phase φ_(N,P) of the detection signal R by only one detection of the magnetoelastic wave. The position sensor 1 is configured to calculate items V_(p) and α_(p) of information associated with variation in the obtained distance Z based on the multiple phases φ_(N,P). This configuration allows obtaining of the items of information associated with variation in the obtained distance Z by only one detection of the magnetoelastic wave.

The position sensor 1 according to the embodiment is designed to obtain the amplitude A_(p) and the phase φ_(N,P) of the detection signal R using the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) that have been obtained by performing quadrature detection on the detection signal R. In the quadrature detection, the position sensor 1 is configured to utilize the TAD 40 to perform addition and subtraction on the integration values S_(q) that have been obtained by averaging the level of the detection signal R over every sampling cycle T_(s), thereby obtaining the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p).

Specifically, the operations of the TAD 40, the addition and subtraction operations, and the operations for obtaining the amplitude A_(p) and the phase φ_(N,P) based on the in-phase component I_(p) and the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) can be easily digitized using digital elements, such as CMOS digital elements. This allows at least the quadrature detector 25 and the subsequent stages thereof to be integrated together on/in one chip, and therefore all of the components of the signal-processing unit 20 to be integrated together on/in one chip. This makes it possible to downsize the position sensor 1 and reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.

In the embodiment, the amplitude A_(p) of the detection signal R is calculated in accordance with the equation [3], the present invention is not limited to the structure. Specifically, the second power A_(p) ² of the amplitude can be calculated in accordance with the following equation [20] in place of the amplitude A_(p): A _(p) ² =I _(p) ² +Q _(p) ²  [Equation 20]

Similarly, the approximate value A_(p)′ of the amplitude can be calculated in accordance with the following equation [21] in place of the amplitude A_(p): A _(p)′=max(|I _(p) |,|Q _(p)|)+|I _(p) |+|Q _(p)|  [Equation 21]

Adjusting the sampling timing of the integration values S_(q) by the TAD 40 such that the quadrature-phase component Q_(p) assumes the minimum value, such as substantially zero allows the in-phase component I_(p) to be directly used as the amplitude A_(p).

In the embodiment, the present invention is applied to the position sensor 1 designed to utilize magnetoelastic waves propagative in the amorphous wire 11, but the present invention is not limited to the application.

Specifically, the present invention can be applied to various types of sensors using various types of waves, such as sonars using sonic waves propagative in the atmosphere and/or water.

In the embodiment, the excitation coil 15 is fixedly disposed to the amorphous wire 11 and the detection coil 17 is disposed thereto to be movable, but the excitation coil 15 can be disposed to the amorphous wire 11 to be movable and the detection coil 17 can be fixedly disposed thereto.

The positional relationship between the excitation coil 15 and the detection coil 17 can be fixed, and a movable member composed of the amorphous wire 11 and the wire holders 13 a and 13 b can be provided to be movable with respect to the excitation and the detection coils 15 and 17. This configuration allows the detection coil 17 to detect the position of the movable member based on the difference between a first detection time and a second detection time of a magnetoelastic wave generated by the excitation coil 15. The first detection time represents a time when the detection coil 17 directly detects the magnetoelastic wave generated by the excitation coil 15, and this second detection time represents a time when the detection coil 17 detects the magnetoelastic wave reflected by the wire holder 13 b.

In the embodiment, the clock generator 21 generates the clock signal CK and the sampling signal SCK, but the clock signal CK and the sampling signal SCK can be individually generated. In this modification, lock of the phase obtained by the quadrature detector allows the frequency of the sampling clock signal SCK to be accurately four times higher than the frequency of the clock signal CK.

While there has been described what is at present considered to be the embodiment and its modifications of the present invention, it will be understood that various modifications which are not described yet may be made therein, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A positional information detecting method comprising: causing a tone-burst signal to propagate through a path, the tone-burst signal being composed of a continuous wave train, the continuous wave train including a plurality of cycles of a constant frequency; detecting the tone-burst signal, at a predetermined position in the path, every one cycle of the tone-burst signal, to measure a propagation delay time based on the detected signal, the propagation delay time representing a period for which the tone-burst signal has propagated through the path; obtaining a phase of the detected signal; and obtaining positional information associated with the predetermined position based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal.
 2. A positional information detecting method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the tone-burst signal comprises detecting an amplitude of the detected signal every one cycle of the tone-burst signal to measure the propagation delay time based on the detected amplitude.
 3. A positional information detecting device comprising: a tone-burst signal propagating unit configured to cause a tone-burst signal to propagate through a path, the tone-burst signal being composed of a continuous wave train, the continuous wave train including a plurality of cycles of a constant frequency; a detecting unit configured to detect the tone-burst signal, at a predetermined position in the path, every one cycle of the tone-burst signal, to measure a propagation delay time based on the detected signal, the propagation delay time representing a period for which the tone-burst signal has propagated through the path; a phase obtaining unit configured to obtain a phase of the detected signal; and a positional information obtaining unit configured to obtain positional information associated with the predetermined position based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal.
 4. A positional information detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the detecting unit is configured to detect an amplitude of the detected signal every one cycle of the tone-burst signal to measure the propagation delay time based on the detected amplitude.
 5. A positional information detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the positional information obtaining unit is configured to obtain the positional information representing a propagation distance of the tone-burst signal based on the measured propagation delay time and the obtained phase of the detected signal, and the phase obtaining unit is configured to obtain the phase of the detected signal at two or more times until a predetermined period has elapsed since detection of the tone-burst signal, further comprising: a variation calculating unit configured to calculate variation in the propagation distance obtained by the positional information obtaining unit based on variation in the phase obtained by the phase obtaining unit.
 6. A positional information detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the detecting unit includes a quadrature detector configured to perform quadrature detection on the detected signal to obtain an in-phase component and a quadrature-phase component of the detected signal every one cycle of the tone-burst signal, thereby obtaining the amplitude of the detected signal based on the obtained in-phase component and the quadrature-phase component, and the phase obtaining unit is configured to obtain the phase of the detected signal based on the obtained in-phase component and the quadrature-phase component.
 7. A positional information detecting device according to claim 6, wherein the quadrature detector comprises: an integration module operative to integrate the detected signal over every quarter of one cycle of the tone-burst signal to generate an integration value, the integration values to be generated being represented as S1, S2, S3, S4, . . . ; and a calculating unit configured to perform addition and subtraction on the generated integration values in accordance with the following equations to calculate the in-phase component and the quadrature-phase component: I _(p) =S _(4p-3) +S _(4p-2) −S _(4p-1) −S _(4p) Q _(p) =S _(4p-3) −S _(4p-2) −S _(4p-1) +S _(4p) where I_(p) represents the in-phase component, the Q_(p) represents the quadrature-phase component, and p=1, 2, 3 . . . .
 8. A positional information detecting device according to claim 7, wherein the phase obtaining unit is configured to: integrate each group of a plurality of the in-phase components calculated by the quadrature detector at respective cycles of the tone-burst signal to obtain an in-phase integration value; integrate each group of a plurality of the quadrature-phase components calculated by the quadrature detector at respective cycles of the tone-burst signal to obtain a quadrature-phase integration value; and calculate the phase of the detected signal based on the in-phase integration value and the quadrature-phase integration value.
 9. A positional information detecting device according to claim 7, wherein the integration module is configured to sequentially integrate a level of the detected signal without dead time, thereby generating the integration value.
 10. A positional information detecting device according to claim 7, wherein each of the integration module and the calculating unit is composed of a plurality of CMOS digital elements.
 11. A positional information detecting device according to claim 7, wherein the integration module comprises: a pulse delay circuit composed of a plurality of delay units serially connected to one another to form a plurality of stages of delay such that the detected signal is supplied to each of the delay units, when a pulse is input to the plurality of delay units, the plurality of delay units sequentially transferring a pulse signal while delaying it, a delay time of the pulse signal by each of the delay units depending on a level of the detected signal supplied thereto; and a counter unit configured to count what number of stages through which the pulse signal passes at timing of each quarter of one cycle of the tone-burst signal, thereby obtaining the count value as the integration value.
 12. A positional information detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the path includes a medium through which magnetoelastic waves are propagated, the tone-burst signal propagating unit is configured to generate, as the tone-burst signal, a magnetoelastic wave and to cause the magnetoelastic wave to propagate through the medium, and the detecting unit is configured to detect, at the predetermined position in the medium, the magnetoelastic wave propagating through the medium. 